When did Columbus Day become a national US holiday? This question delves into the historical significance of the day, which commemorates the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas in 1492. Understanding the origins and evolution of Columbus Day as a national holiday in the United States provides insight into the country’s complex relationship with its history and the legacy of European exploration.
Columbus Day was first celebrated in the United States in 1792, marking the 300th anniversary of Columbus’s arrival. However, it was not until 1937 that it was officially designated as a federal holiday. The push for a national holiday began in the early 20th century, with Italian-Americans leading the charge. They sought to honor their heritage and celebrate the contributions of their ancestors to the United States.
The origins of Columbus Day can be traced back to the 19th century, when Italian immigrants began to organize local celebrations in cities with significant Italian populations, such as New York and Chicago. These celebrations often included parades, speeches, and other festivities. The first large-scale Columbus Day parade took place in New York City in 1866, and the holiday quickly gained popularity among Italian-Americans.
In 1892, President Benjamin Harrison signed a proclamation making Columbus Day a national holiday. However, it was not until 1937 that Congress passed a law making it a permanent federal holiday. The law was signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who also designated the second Monday in October as the official date for the holiday.
Over the years, the celebration of Columbus Day has been met with criticism and controversy. Many Native American groups and other critics argue that the holiday commemorates the brutal colonization of the Americas and the suffering of indigenous peoples. As a result, some states and cities have replaced Columbus Day with Native American Heritage Day or Indigenous People’s Day to recognize the contributions and history of Native Americans.
In conclusion, Columbus Day became a national US holiday in 1937, following a long history of local celebrations and advocacy by Italian-Americans. While the holiday has been a source of controversy, it remains an important part of the United States’ historical narrative, prompting reflection on the country’s past and the ongoing struggle for justice and recognition of all its inhabitants.
