How Long to Reach Terminal Velocity of a Human?
Terminal velocity is a fascinating concept that has intrigued scientists, engineers, and adrenaline junkies alike. It refers to the maximum velocity an object can reach when falling through a fluid, such as air or water, and is determined by the forces of gravity and air resistance. In this article, we will explore how long it takes for a human to reach terminal velocity and the factors that influence this duration.
Understanding Terminal Velocity
Terminal velocity is influenced by several factors, including the mass and shape of the object, the density of the fluid it is falling through, and the object’s drag coefficient. For a human, the terminal velocity is generally estimated to be around 120 to 150 miles per hour (193 to 241 kilometers per hour). This speed is achieved when the force of air resistance equals the force of gravity, resulting in a constant falling speed.
Factors Affecting Terminal Velocity
The time it takes for a human to reach terminal velocity depends on various factors, such as:
1. Starting Speed: A person who starts their fall from a higher speed will reach terminal velocity more quickly than someone who starts from a lower speed.
2. Shape and Size: The shape and size of the human body play a significant role in determining terminal velocity. For example, a streamlined shape, such as that of a skydiver in a parachute, will allow for a higher terminal velocity than a more compact and round shape.
3. Clothing and Equipment: The clothing and equipment worn by the person can also affect terminal velocity. For instance, a heavy, bulky suit or a large backpack can increase air resistance and slow down the fall.
4. Altitude: The altitude at which the fall begins also influences terminal velocity. At higher altitudes, the air is thinner, which can result in a lower terminal velocity.
Calculating the Time to Reach Terminal Velocity
To calculate the time it takes for a human to reach terminal velocity, we can use the following formula:
Time = (Terminal Velocity – Starting Speed) / Acceleration due to Gravity
Assuming a starting speed of 0 mph (0 km/h) and a terminal velocity of 120 mph (193 km/h), and considering the acceleration due to gravity is approximately 32.2 feet per second squared (9.81 meters per second squared), the calculation would be:
Time = (120 mph – 0 mph) / 32.2 ft/s²
Converting mph to ft/s and using the appropriate value for acceleration due to gravity, we get:
Time = (193.12 ft/s – 0 ft/s) / 32.2 ft/s²
Time ≈ 5.98 seconds
Therefore, it would take approximately 5.98 seconds for a human to reach terminal velocity from a standing start.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the time it takes for a human to reach terminal velocity varies depending on several factors, including starting speed, body shape, clothing, and altitude. While the estimated time is around 5.98 seconds for a standing start, this duration can be shorter or longer depending on the specific circumstances. Terminal velocity remains a captivating subject that continues to be studied and analyzed in various fields, from physics to sports.
